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: New regulations starting in 2031 will require specific recycled content for batteries, including 6% lithium and 16% cobalt [22]. Operational Challenges

: Consistent at approximately 9.0 million units annually through 2024 and 2025 [16, 19]. Segment Highlights vw.zip

Performance varied significantly across Volkswagen’s brand groups in 2025 [28]: : New regulations starting in 2031 will require

: Fundamentally changed market conditions in China, particularly affecting the luxury segment [28]. vw.zip

: Sales revenue of €145.2 billion (+3.7%), with a 4.7% operating return on sales.

Based on the Volkswagen Group's 2024 and 2025 financial disclosures ,