Their Vices: Virtues And

Historically, virtues like , justice , and temperance have been viewed as intermediaries between two distinct vices: a deficiency and an excess. For example, courage exists as a noble mean between the deficiency of cowardice and the excess of recklessness .

: Traits like intellectual humility and autonomy that aim for deep understanding rather than mere memorization. Virtues and Their Vices

: Traditional "vices" such as anger or ego are not inherently evil; they can serve as protective mechanisms for self-preservation or self-esteem when harnessed wisely. Historically, virtues like , justice , and temperance