Tundra

: Located in the Northern Hemisphere, encircling the North Pole and extending south to the boreal forests of the taiga.

There are three primary types of tundra, each defined by its geography and climate: Tundra

The tundra is the coldest of all Earth's biomes, covering approximately 20% of the planet's surface. Derived from the Finnish word tunturia , meaning "treeless plain," it is characterized by extremely low temperatures, minimal precipitation, and a permanently frozen subsoil known as . Key Regional Classifications : Located in the Northern Hemisphere, encircling the