If neoplasia breaches the basement membrane, it is classified as invasive cancer. Treatment then shifts to radical hysterectomy or radiation combined with chemotherapy, depending on the stage of the disease. Prevention and Future Outlook
The success of cervical cancer prevention is largely attributed to the implementation of the Papanicolaou (Pap) smear and, more recently, primary HPV testing. Topic 52: Cervical Disease and Neoplasia
When screening results are abnormal, colposcopy allows for direct visualization of the cervix under magnification. Aceto-white changes and abnormal vascular patterns (punctation or mosaicism) guide the clinician to perform targeted biopsies, which provide the definitive histological diagnosis of CIN 1, 2, or 3. Management of Neoplasia If neoplasia breaches the basement membrane, it is