Strand & Tenger Apr 2026

: The study suggests that while environmental cues are important, there is a likely genetic basis or a rapid evolutionary shift occurring in captive populations that "breaks" the migratory strand in their behavioral biology.

: The findings are summarized in broader biological reviews, such as "The phenotypic costs of captivity" in Biological Reviews , which uses the Tenger-Trolander study to highlight how captive-bred individuals lose key behavioral traits. strand & tenger

: "Contemporary loss of migration in monarch butterflies" by Tenger-Trolander et al. (2019). : The study suggests that while environmental cues

Key Study: Contemporary loss of migration in monarch butterflies (2019)

You can access the full study and related reviews through the following academic platforms:

The most significant "solid article" on this topic explores how captive-bred monarch butterflies lose their ability to migrate.

The phenotypic costs of captivity - Crates - 2023 - Biological Reviews