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By casting woman as the "Other," society denies her the agency to define her own existence, forcing her into a state of "immanence" (stagnation) while man enjoys "transcendence" (creative action) [2, 9]. A Multidisciplinary Critique
The Core Premise: "One is Not Born, But Rather Becomes, Woman"
Represented as the "Absolute," the "Self," and the "Essential" [7, 8]. By casting woman as the "Other," society denies
She traces the evolution of patriarchy from nomadic societies to the industrial age, noting how women’s lack of property rights cemented their dependence [3, 8].
1949 masterpiece, Le Deuxième Sexe ( The Second Sex ), remains one of the most influential works in the history of philosophy and feminism [1, 2]. Spanning over 800 pages, it provides a comprehensive critique of the historical, social, and biological status of women [3, 4].
Drawing on Hegelian and existentialist philosophy, Beauvoir argues that humanity is defined by the relationship between the and the Other [4, 7]. 1949 masterpiece, Le Deuxième Sexe ( The Second
Today, Le Deuxième Sexe continues to challenge readers to examine the subtle ways gender expectations limit human freedom [1, 13].
Beauvoir examines the oppression of women through several lenses:
