: Goya depicts the Devil as a large caprine figure (the Grande Caprone ) officiating over a circle of witches.

: Art historians suggest Goya used these dark scenes not to celebrate the occult, but to criticize the superstitions of his time through an Enlightenment lens. 3. Modern Interpretations Today, "Il Sabba" appears in various cultural contexts:

: It was viewed by the Church as a ritual of total rejection of the Christian faith.

In the late Middle Ages and the Renaissance, the sabba was codified by inquisitors as a secret diabolical sect.