Before "physics" was a formal word, it was natural philosophy. The goal was to find the "why" behind the physical world.

Einstein reimagined gravity. It’s not a "pull," but a curve in the fabric of space-time caused by mass.

The same force pulling an apple governs the moon.

Scientists like Bohr and Heisenberg found that at the smallest scales, the universe is not deterministic. It is based on probability and "packets" of energy called quanta.

In the 1800s, the Industrial Revolution drove scientists to study heat, steam, and efficiency.