As the tip scanned across a surface, atomic forces (like Van der Waals, electrostatic, or capillary forces) cause the cantilever to deflect.
Provides a (height data), not just a 2D projection. Requires no vacuum ; it can operate in air or liquids. Fundamentals and Application of Atomic Force Mi...
It measures nanomechanical properties —how hard, elastic, or sticky a new composite material is at a specific point. As the tip scanned across a surface, atomic
Works on samples without needing a gold coating. atomic forces (like Van der Waals
AFM isn't "one size fits all." Depending on the sample's delicacy, researchers choose different modes: