: Variations in signal strength indicate where current is escaping the pipe through a coating defect.

: Operators use Excel templates to log coordinates, burial depth, signal readings (in decibels or microvolts), and the status of excavations. For instance, reports like those found on Scribd summarize inspection data for specific pipeline segments.

: Related spreadsheets, such as the DNV RP B-401 Cathodic Protection Design tool, help engineers calculate the mass of anodes and current densities required to protect a pipeline once defects are identified. Benefits and Limitations ACVG | Pipeline Survey Techniques